APPLICATION OF QUANTUM MECHANICS TO LIQUID HELIUM - W2AGZ Liquid, as London2 has shown, because the inter-atomic forces are very weak. Helium, the lightest of the noble gases, had actually been detected and helium is the only element in the periodic table that was discovered by an astronomer. Helium is the element which you can find on the upper right side of the periodic table with atomic number 2.
Specific heat at constant volume, specific heat at constant pressure, specific heat ratio and individual gas constant - R - common gases as argon, air, ether, nitrogen and many more ..
The specific heat (= specific heat capacity) at constant pressure and constant volume processes, and the ratio of specific heats and individual gas constants - R - for some commonly used 'ideal gases', are in the table below (approximate values at 68oF (20oC) and 14.7 psia (1 atm)).
For conversion of units, use the Specific heat online unit converter.
See also tabulated values of specific heat capacity of food and foodstuff, metals and semimetals, common liquids and fluids, common solids and other common substances as well as values of molar heat capacity of common organic substances and inorganic substances.
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| Gas or Vapor | Formula | Specific Heat | Specific Heat Ratio | Individual Gas constant - R - | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cp (kJ/(kg K)) | cv (kJ/(kg K)) | cp (Btu/(lbmoF)) | cv (Btu/(lbmoF)) | κ = cp / cv | cp - cv (kJ/(kg K)) | cp - cv (ft lbf/(lbmoR)) | ||
| Acetone | (CH3)2CO | 1.47 | 1.32 | 0.35 | 0.32 | 1.11 | 0.15 | |
| Acetylene | C2H2 | 1.69 | 1.37 | 0.35 | 0.27 | 1.232 | 0.319 | 59.34 |
| Air | 1.01 | 0.718 | 0.24 | 0.17 | 1.40 | 0.287 | 53.34 | |
| Alcohol (ethanol) | C2H5OH | 1.88 | 1.67 | 0.45 | 0.4 | 1.13 | 0.22 | |
| Alcohol (methanol) | CH3OH | 1.93 | 1.53 | 0.46 | 0.37 | 1.26 | 0.39 | |
| Ammonia | NH3 | 2.19 | 1.66 | 0.52 | 0.4 | 1.31 | 0.53 | 96.5 |
| Argon | Ar | 0.520 | 0.312 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 1.667 | 0.208 | |
| Benzene | C6H6 | 1.09 | 0.99 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 1.12 | 0.1 | |
| Blast furnace gas | 1.03 | 0.73 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 1.41 | 0.3 | 55.05 | |
| Bromine | Br2 | 0.25 | 0.2 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 1.28 | 0.05 | |
| Butane | C4H10 | 1.67 | 1.53 | 0.395 | 0.356 | 1.094 | 0.143 | 26.5 |
| Carbon dioxide | CO2 | 0.844 | 0.655 | 0.21 | 0.16 | 1.289 | 0.189 | 38.86 |
| Carbon monoxide | CO | 1.02 | 0.72 | 0.24 | 0.17 | 1.40 | 0.297 | 55.14 |
| Carbon disulphide | CS2 | 0.67 | 0.55 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 1.21 | 0.12 | |
| Chlorine | Cl2 | 0.48 | 0.36 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 1.34 | 0.12 | |
| Chloroform | CHCl3 | 0.63 | 0.55 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 1.15 | 0.08 | |
| Coal gas | 2.14 | 1.59 | ||||||
| Combustion products | 1 | 0.24 | ||||||
| Ethane | C2H6 | 1.75 | 1.48 | 0.39 | 0.32 | 1.187 | 0.276 | 51.5 |
| Ether (diethyl ether) | (C2H5)2O | 2.01 | 1.95 | 0.48 | 0.47 | 1.03 | 0.06 | |
| Ethylene | C2H4 | 1.53 | 1.23 | 0.4 | 0.33 | 1.240 | 0.296 | 55.08 |
| Chlorodifluoromethane, R-22 | CHClF2 | 1.18 | ||||||
| Helium | He | 5.19 | 3.12 | 1.25 | 0.75 | 1.667 | 2.08 | 386.3 |
| Hexane | C6H14 | 1.06 | ||||||
| Hydrochloric acid | 0.795 | 0.567 | ||||||
| Hydrogen | H2 | 14.32 | 10.16 | 3.42 | 2.43 | 1.405 | 4.12 | 765.9 |
| Hydrogen Chloride | HCl | 0.8 | 0.57 | 0.191 | 0.135 | 1.41 | 0.23 | 42.4 |
| Hydrogen Sulfide | H2S | 0.243 | 0.187 | 1.32 | 45.2 | |||
| Hydroxyl | OH | 1.76 | 1.27 | 1.384 | 0.489 | |||
| Krypton | Kr | 0.25 | 0.151 | |||||
| Methane | CH4 | 2.22 | 1.70 | 0.59 | 0.45 | 1.304 | 0.518 | 96.4 |
| Methyl Chloride | CH3Cl | 0.240 | 0.200 | 1.20 | 30.6 | |||
| Natural Gas | 2.34 | 1.85 | 0.56 | 0.44 | 1.27 | 0.5 | 79.1 | |
| Neon | Ne | 1.03 | 0.618 | 1.667 | 0.412 | |||
| Nitric Oxide | NO | 0.995 | 0.718 | 0.23 | 0.17 | 1.386 | 0.277 | |
| Nitrogen | N2 | 1.04 | 0.743 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 1.400 | 0.297 | 54.99 |
| Nitrogen tetroxide | N2O4 | 4.69 | 4.6 | 1.12 | 1.1 | 1.02 | 0.09 | |
| Nitrous oxide | N2O | 0.88 | 0.69 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 1.27 | 0.18 | 35.1 |
| Oxygen | O2 | 0.919 | 0.659 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 1.395 | 0.260 | 48.24 |
| Pentane | C5H12 | 1.07 | ||||||
| Propane | C3H8 | 1.67 | 1.48 | 0.39 | 0.34 | 1.13 | 0.189 | 35.0 |
| Propene (propylene) | C3H6 | 1.5 | 1.31 | 0.36 | 0.31 | 1.15 | 0.18 | 36.8 |
| Water Vapor Steam 1 psia. 120 – 600 oF | H2O | 1.93 | 1.46 | 0.46 | 0.35 | 1.32 | 0.462 | |
| Steam 14.7 psia. 220 – 600 oF | H2O | 1.97 | 1.5 | 0.47 | 0.36 | 1.31 | 0.46 | |
| Steam 150 psia. 360 – 600 oF | H2O | 2.26 | 1.76 | 0.54 | 0.42 | 1.28 | 0.5 | |
| Sulfur dioxide (Sulphur dioxide) | SO2 | 0.64 | 0.51 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 1.29 | 0.13 | 24.1 |
| Xenon | Xe | 0.16 | 0.097 | |||||
- κ = cp / cv - the specific heat capacity ratio
- cp = specific heat in a constant pressure process
- cv = specific heat in a constant volume process
For conversion of units, use the Specific heat online unit converter.
See also tabulated values of specific heat of food and foodstuff, metals and semimetals, common liquids and fluids, Common solids and other common substances as well as values of molar heat capacity of common organic substances and inorganic substances.
Related Topics
- Material Properties - Material properties for gases, fluids and solids - densities, specific heats, viscosities and more
- Thermodynamics - Effects of work, heat and energy on systems
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